HRM practice in USA and Russia Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM practice in USA and Russia - Coursework Example Culture plays a significant role in terms of designing human resource management practice. HRM practice in Russia is highly distinct from that of USA. Socio-political nature and cultural context are different in these countries. This study shall be divided into two segments. In first part human resource management practices in Russia and USA will be analyzed and the second part shall deal with influencing factors affecting human resource management practice. Human resource management practice in United States is unique since the country focuses on acquiring talented individuals on board. The recruitment system which is implemented by the country is neither position based nor career based. Direct application procedure is utilized while recruiting for public sector. External applicants can easily apply for different organizational positions. In context of recruitment, no diversity policies are encouraged but more preference is given specifically to military veterans. Incentives or bonuses are formulated by agencies whereas pay-scale is structured by the government. Employment cost index is responsible for calculating base salary and there is no negotiation encouraged at collective or individual level. Salary level is adjusted on basis of seniority positions. Promotions at all possible staff level is on basis of qualifications. Performance appraisal scheme or experience is not considered to be vital factors when it comes to promotion (Paau we, 2004). Job postings are available to all employees and HR department or assessment centres are solely responsible for selection of applicants. Hierarchical grades are not taken into consideration while giving promotions. Coaching sessions are also hosted for promotion of disabled, women or other minority section. Internal mobility level is stable within United States. Training programs are organized for all team members

Article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review - Article Example Undoubtedly, injustice in small parts of region for women continues to plague society. The lack of participation in political and economic aspects of women in these rural areas continues to be one of the major obstacles of progressivism. Wright insists that feminist scholars distinguish sex form gender through discourse. While Gender is learned and adapted, the theory behind sexual difference is varied from cultures to cultures. The idea of gender â€Å"norms† is the critical point that is the catalyst towards the feminist theory itself. The issue of sexism is also correlated with racism as these issues embodied the form of political and social pains that plague that American society. Wright elaborates that the nature of feminist progressivism stems from women’s literature. Feministic writers are vital components towards the advancement of the movement itself. Furthermore, one cannot refute the power of writing that feminist scholars emphasize on their works of justice. The critical component that appeals to injustice is emotion. Women throughout the world that have faced oppression, inequality, injustice appeal through emotion.

The Anatomy Of A Pigs Heart Physical Education Essay

The Anatomy Of A Pigs Heart Physical Education Essay The aim of this experiment was to understand the external and internal structures by dissecting a pigs heart, drawing and labelling the structures. Introduction A pigs heart is covered by the thin membrane or pericardium. Myocardium exists as the muscle located below the pericardium. Most of the myocardium in the lower two chambers of the heart called ventricles (Lane, 2010a). A pigs heart has four chambers which include left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle (Lane, 2010a). Atrium and ventricle are separated by valves. In the entrance of the left ventricle has bicuspid valve which controls the blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole (Lane, 2010a). While in the entrance of the right ventricle has tricuspid valve which allows blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The function of valves is to make the blood only moving from atrium to ventricle and avoid regurgitation. (Lane, 2010a). There are some blood vessels have a significant influence on transferring the blood (Lane, 2010a). Coronary artery which lies in the groove on the front of heart carries flesh blood to the heart muscle to receive oxygen and nutrients (Lane, 2010a). Pulmonary artery which lies out of the right ventricle supplies blood with oxygen to the lungs (Lane, 2010a). Aorta which is the major vessel located near the right atria provides blood to the upper body (Lane, 2010a). Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium (Lane, 2010a). Inferior and Superior Vena Cava which are located on left of the heart and link to the right atrium, supplies deoxygenated blood to the right receiving chamber (Lane, 2010a). Blood flows through the pig heart are similar with a humans. Deoxygenated blood moving from the superior and inferior vena cava (see Figure 1) into the right atrium which has a very low pressure (Gisbornesc, 2010). During diastole which indicates the relaxation phase, the right ventricles pressure drops down almost zero. There is a pressure gradient between the right atrium and ventricle, leading to the blood flow into the right ventricle (Gisbornesc, 2010). When the ventricle fills, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve. During systole (the contracting phase) the ventricle begins to contract, the intraventricular pressure is increased which causes the tricuspid valve to close while the pulmonary valve open (Gisbornesc, 2010). And then blood moves out of the ventricle via the pulmonary artery to the lungs (Gisbornesc, 2010). When the ventricle relaxes, intraventricular pressure drops below the pressure in the pulmonary artery, as a result, the pulmonary valve close. In this case , blood returns to the right side of the heart and is pumped back to the lungs for gas exchange (Gisbornesc, 2010). Figure 1(Biologymad, 2010) shows the blood flow within the heart. Figure 1 (Biologymad, 2010): The Blood Flow within Heart The function of a heart is to promote blood flowing to organs and tissues, providing enough blood, oxygen and various nutrients while taking away the metabolic products such as carbon dioxide, urea and uric acid. This process maintains the normal function and metabolism of the cells within the body. Method Observations Material Fresh pig heart Scalpels Container for heart Scissors Forceps Cutting board Equipment Several blank A4 sheets Pens HB pencils Erasers Rulers Sharpeners Procedure-External Anatomy A heart was placed in a dissecting pan. The size of this heart was moderate; the colour of this heart was pink and it was a little smelly. The heart was examined and the thin membrane or pericardium that still covers the heart was located. The pericardium was removed carefully. The pericardium was too thin to remove. The tip of the heart or the apex was located. The left ventricle extended all the way to the apex. The heart was placed in the dissecting pan. The major blood vessels were on the top and the apex was down. There was a groove that extended from the right side of the board end of the heart. The heart was in the pan in the position and faced my body. The left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle were located from this surface. Four chambers were observed unclearly, but still could be identified. While the heart was still in this position in the dissecting pan, the coronary artery, pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary veins and inferior superior vena cava were located at the broad end of the heart. Aorta, pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins inferior superior vena cava were observed clearly, but coronary artery was not found. A fully labelled diagram of the front heart was drawn. Figure 2 is attached. 8. A fully labelled diagram showing the back side of heart was drew. Figure 3 is attached. Procedure- Internal Anatomy The side of the pulmonary artery was cut through and continue cutting down into the wall of the right ventricle using the scissors. Cut deep enough to go through the wall of the heart chamber. (The cutting line was above parallel to the groove of the coronary artery) The heart was pushed open at the cut to examine the internal structure with fingers. There was a dried blood inside the chambers, the heart was rinsed out. The right atrium was located. The thinner muscular wall of this receiving chamber was measured by ruler. The right atrium was about 5-10 mm and very smooth. A fully labelled diagram showing the internal of right atrium was draw. Figure 4 is attached. The inferior superior vena cava enter this chamber were founded. The lack of valves was noticed. The inferior superior vena cava was easy to found. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle was located, which is called tricuspid valve. This valve consisted of three leaflets and had long fibbers of connective tissue. The thickness of the right ventricle and its smooth was felt by fingers. The network of irregular muscular cords was noticed on the inner wall of this chamber. The right ventricle was about 20mm and very smooth. The septum was found on the right side of the right ventricle. The septum was thick which separated the right and left ventricles from each other. The pulmonary artery was located inside the right ventricle. The one-way valve called the pulmonary valve was found. A fully labelled diagram showing the back side of heart was drew. Figure 3 is attached. The heart was continued to cut open using scissors. A cut was started on the outside of the left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the centre groove. The heart was pushed open at this cut with fingers any dried blood was rinsed out with water. The heart was difficult to cut downward into the left ventricle because the knife was not sharp. The left atrium was examined. The openings of the pulmonary veins were found from the lungs. The pulmonary veins were hard to observe. Bicuspid valve was looked for inside left atrium. This valve consisted of two leaflets. The left ventricle was examined. The thickness of the ventricular wall was noticed. The left ventricle was found and the thickness of the ventricular was about 20mm. The left ventricle was cut across the left ventricle toward the aorta continues cutting to expose the valve using scissors. The three flaps or leaflets were counted on this valve called aortic valve. This valve had half-moon shape. Notes to all the diagrams were added relating the labelled structures to their functions. Results Figure 2 shows the front view of heart. In this figure, the aorta is clearly visible at the top, with left and right atrium on either side, while the ventricles are in the bottom. This figure also shows the aortic and pulmonary arteries as well as the pulmonary veins and superior vena cava. 2. Figure 3 shows the back side of heart. In this figure, the superior vena cava and aorta can be seen. 3. Figure 4 shows the internal view of the right side. In this figure, the tricuspid valve can be seen and the right ventricular outflow tract which includes the pulmonary artery. 4. Figure 5 shows the internal view of the left side In this figure, the bicuspid valve and aorta can be seen. Discussion Possible errors may have arisen during this experiment. Firstly, the heart was cut difficultly, because the equipment given was not sharp enough. Secondly, some blood vessels can not be found such as coronary artery, because the pigs heart was not fresh enough, may be damaged by the butcher. Thirdly, human errors may lead to the results not precise. For instance, when cut deeply to go through the wall of the heart chamber, the cutting line was not parallel to the groove of the coronary, as a result, the chamber can not observed carefully. A future experiment should be improved in following ways. Firstly, the equipments should be given sharp enough in order to cut the heart efficiently according to the instruction. Secondly, the pig heart should be provided fresh enough and completely. In this case, all the organs can be observed and described. Finally, when cutting line is required parallel, it is better to use the ruler to measure. Conclusion In conclusion, after doing the experiment, the external and internal structure was examined. A pigs heart is four chambered pump which includes left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle. Valves, which separate atrium and ventricle, prevent blood from flowing backwards. A pig has double system which can make blood circulate the whole body via the vessels.

office apace Essay -- essays research papers

The Life of Peter: Idealism vs. Realism When asking a child what they want to be when the grow up, they will most likely tell you a doctor, teacher or some other public service occupation. They have the ideal that a career helping people is the best job a person could have. When those same kids get into high school their ideals become even greater (this really only applies to middle-upper class). They want to be artist, musicians, actors, or free lance writers who travel the world for the next big story. In college the ideals of the student are usually pushed to the back burner so that there is room for reality. Peter’s character in the movie Office Space is an example of the ultimate idealist. Throughout the movie we are shown his conflict between â€Å"good and evil† (otherwise known as idealism and realism). Peter’s character is placed in the toughest battle zone to live out his ideals: the corporate world of cubicles. Americans have the idea of an â€Å"American Dream† which in tales having a good job, family and happy home (for most people this is all that is needed to be content in life). Peter though can’t accept the idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and comes to make his own idealistic ideas a reality that most would laugh off as being a nothing but pipe dreams. It must be hard to spend 40-50 hours a week in a little box with no windows or connection to the outside world. Office workplaces tend to invent annoying saying like â€Å" Do you have a case of the Mondays?† that in itself ... office apace Essay -- essays research papers The Life of Peter: Idealism vs. Realism When asking a child what they want to be when the grow up, they will most likely tell you a doctor, teacher or some other public service occupation. They have the ideal that a career helping people is the best job a person could have. When those same kids get into high school their ideals become even greater (this really only applies to middle-upper class). They want to be artist, musicians, actors, or free lance writers who travel the world for the next big story. In college the ideals of the student are usually pushed to the back burner so that there is room for reality. Peter’s character in the movie Office Space is an example of the ultimate idealist. Throughout the movie we are shown his conflict between â€Å"good and evil† (otherwise known as idealism and realism). Peter’s character is placed in the toughest battle zone to live out his ideals: the corporate world of cubicles. Americans have the idea of an â€Å"American Dream† which in tales having a good job, family and happy home (for most people this is all that is needed to be content in life). Peter though can’t accept the idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and comes to make his own idealistic ideas a reality that most would laugh off as being a nothing but pipe dreams. It must be hard to spend 40-50 hours a week in a little box with no windows or connection to the outside world. Office workplaces tend to invent annoying saying like â€Å" Do you have a case of the Mondays?† that in itself ...

Globalization and TNCs Motivation Essay

Research reveals that Transnational Corporations commonly abbreviated as TNCs exert an immense influence in the current economy which has embraced the concept of globalization. There is widespread discussion as to whether globalization is a new or old phenomenon. Some analysts consider the concept to be new as well as revolutionary. Others including Kenneth Waltz argue that, in comparison to the era prior to the first world war, the current global set up has underachieved in terms of the level of intensification (O’Rourke and Williamson, 2000). Furthermore, the earlier governments especially before the First World War had less intervention than the government of today. The aforementioned points are valid but they also do not denounce that capitalism brought a vigorous stride in global integration that was affected by the interwar of between 1918 and 1939 and the Cold War. The degree of consolidation of the worldwide production systems and disengagement of nations from economic activity may still be below the levels achieved in 1910. However the present rate of globalization particularly by TNCs is high and the level of intensification may soon exceed the prior set records (Hill, 2005). Notably, the welfare state set up that had been predominant since years of the interwar in the 21st century has declined. As a result, TNCs have witnessed a new direction in global order that is designed in line with the reasoning tradition of Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek. According to Hayek, for example, the concerns of social imbalance by TNCs are just indication of the outdated communalistic idea which should be scraped out and replaced by individual responsibility and freedom the issues of poverty and inequality not withstanding. Again, there is an increase in the outlook that national economies have integrated into a common space of worldwide economy; furthermore, only one form of organization is appropriate. The realization of a single global economy has still a long way to go. However, there is a powerful force propelling the world to that direction. Controversy also mars the factors that promote TNCs globalization. Obliviously, technological development has contributed to the intensification of interdependence. However, it is not substantial to claim that technology, by itself, would precipitate globalization. For instance, it is unclear whether capital mobility would be achieved due to technological advances alone; development in communication coupled with capital flows deregulation have improved capital mobility. Some sectors agree that globalization is modelled by the forces of the market system. In argument, to realize an economic system a political system must come in handy. Therefore, globalization is dictated by the assent of governments and in this regard, the United States predominant power as well as other developed nations (Friedman, and Ramonet, 1999). The strict followers of the market system argue that the reception of globalization by TNCs is inevitable such that they cannot prevent globalization in which case they would incur immense costs. Interest of powerful capital can punish national governments which implement monetary and fiscal policies that impact greatly on their visions. In these circumstances, developing countries have sided with capital due to amounting pressure from the advanced nations and the multilateral globalization agents. Capital has caught the attention of most countries governments. It is unforeseen that the world economic order perceived in globalization will be viable in a situation where labour arrangement is sufficient to counterbalance the effects of capital governments. Powerful nations like the United States cannot be deemed helpless against globalization. They can determine its fate at their own will or where there are changes in the balance of power amid social classes of the powerful nations. The death of globalization in the nineteenth-century, due to mostly political pressure, adds to the point that globalization is not a passing wind that is controlled by merely the technological advancement and market forces. (Chossudovsky, 2003) Globalization has different meanings depending on its global nature, how it impacts individuals and perspectives that such people have about this concept. Some individuals define globalization as being that state where each and everyone in the society is a resident of that global society. To other people it refers to the issue of Transnational Corporations taking advantage of poor nations to augment there financial bases through exploitation of human resource as well as the available raw materials in such countries. Globalization is understood as a complex concept that has brought much controversies world wide. Research indicates that globalization have little harmony in regard to what it is and whether it is a new or an old idea. Therefore globalization implies a process of aggravation of political, economic, and cultural interdependence amid the different actors within the global system. We also find that globalization is more systematic in the economic field where it signifies a process of intensification of national economies with the purpose of developing the capacity of the global economy to work as a unit (Joseph, 2001). This integration comes with certain socioeconomic conditions as well as policy mechanisms enhanced by TNCs. Therefore, understanding globalization necessitates the description of the underlying context that makes it viable, as well as the institutional set up and policy frameworks within TNCs that promote it. Over the last two decades, some significant changes in the global system have precipitated globalization particularly when TNCs global activities are considered. One is the changes in power distribution on a global level where any nation could have emerged as the sole superpower. This development has therefore eliminated the competition among nations for global leadership and dominance; it would be difficult to have a common economic space while there are competing superpowers. However, in this regard, globalization is perceived as a United States dominated set up. In addition, it implies that if another superpower emerged, then the process would be reversed. The other factor that is found to be affecting this globalization concept is the predomination of capitalism and the free market economic system. Research indicates that conflicting economic frameworks and visions would not be compatible with the processes of making a common economic space. Under this we find that lack of competition between various economic visions has been described one of the leading factor for globalization (Held and McGrew, 2002). Several policy instruments have been created to act as mechanisms of globalization; this is after the establishment of the acknowledged underlying conditions. There has also been creation of fresh multilateral institutions with the restructuring of the older ones so as to manage and promote the mechanisms of globalization; a few key examples include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The World Trade Organization (WTO), and the World Bank. The policy mechanisms developed in harmony with a neoliberal ideology that is also stated to be fostering globalization; disengagement of a nation in economic activities regarding to the regulation and institutional changes like trade barriers restriction, privatization, and capital mobility liberalization are some examples of these mechanisms. Under this we find that many developing nations, the World Bank and IMF through their sponsored programs have been the vehicle behind the adoption of these globalization mechanisms (Chossudovsky, 2003). Globalization Debate Research indicates that there is growing debate about the reality of TNCs globalization with two arguments arising; that globalization brings prosperity and that globalization brings impoverishment. Those who argue that it brings prosperity are the proponents while the later are opponents of this concept. Those who oppose globalization cite some issues associated with the growth of this concept and include; nations which are poor are always disadvantage for example countries who rely on agricultural products and their domestic markets having experiencing competition from Multi-National Corporations in same industry which force the local firms to offer there commodities at cheaper prices thus leading to making of loss by such firms. (Joseph, 2002) The other issue is that of exploitation of employees of foreign origin by utilizing them as labour and paying them fewer wages and salaries on the work done. Also TNCs may subject such workers to working for long hours with less pay. Such a situation particularly in poor countries like in Africa has led to escalation of poverty levels since such workers may not be able cater for their basic needs. Globalization has also led to sudden shift to service work from manufacturing processes; this is because of the service provision being considered cost effective particularly when viewed from the aspects of offshore employees and such workers shifting to service industries. Such scenario particularly in Africa and some Asian Countries has led to increase in economic gap between the unskilled and the skilled employees. There is also an argument that globalization has resulted to growth of contingent jobs in that many TNCs like the Coca Cola Companies are now favouring the recruitment of part-time or contract based workers thus saving costs that they have could incur on the recruitment of full-time employees. Such scenario have led to job insecurity since the workers will not receive benefits like pension benefits when they will retire thus making life difficult particularly for the old in the society. Globalization has also led to weakening of labour trade unions in that many firms are set up in different parts of the world and there have also been an increase of unemployment rates meaning that there exist surplus of workers in many modern economies. A good example is in the U. S where firms can replace the employees at will since the existing unions have limited powers to protect their workers. (Tehranian, 2001) On the other hand globalization enhanced by TNCs has brought some benefits or what is commonly referred to as prosperity by its proponents and they include the following; globalization has led to production of a lot of products in the market which are of quality and at the same time extensive access of overseas commodities. This concept has also led to realization of worldwide ordinary market and at the same time to introduction of financial markets which is integrated and thus can lead to many opportunities like securing loans and external financing arrangements. Globalization has also resulted to enhancement of international relations between nations. This is because several firms from different countries are now investing in their markets of choice thus making the world to be the global village (Hill, 2005). The inception of globalization has also led to enhancement of information flows among geographically inaccessible places in the world; for example commercial banks from the UK have now invested in Africa especially in Sudan which has been inaccessible because of lack of political stability for a long period. Globalization has also led to introduction of new technologies by TNCs and thus such technologies have increased the pace of production by different firms in there manufacturing processes. Other benefits of globalization include fostering of tourism, increase of multi-culturalism, increase in local consumptions of locally produced products, has fostered sports competition such as Athletics championships and FIFA World Cup, creation of collective values, development of good worldwide telecommunications structures and the accomplishment of free movement of individuals of all countries among other benefits.

Malnutrition and Hunger in Poor Children in India Essay

Inadequate nutritious diet leads to poor physical and mental development in children, and the problem is more prevalent in the developing countries than the developed countries. Extreme poverty and lack of health awareness in the poor communities cause malnutrition and hunger in pregnant mothers and their developing children. If the problem is not treated timely with appropriate medical intervention, it can lead to adverse consequences, including tragic but preventable death. Causes of Malnutrition and Its Accompanying Deficiency Diseases Sengupta (2009) reported that 42. 5% of children below the age of five years are underweight in India. This is primarily due to illiteracy, lack of awareness about health and hygiene, and scanty financial resources for providing a nutritious diet to the pregnant mothers and their growing children. Sengupta highlighted that only $ 1. 3 billion were being spent to tackle the massive problem of malnutrition and hunger in a country where 230 million children are undernourished. According to International Food Policy Research Institute, 83% of Indian women suffer from anemia, and thus, a baby born from a malnourished mother will be underweight, which is also supported by their findings that 33% of babies born in India are underweight. Can such malnourished children survive? Are they more vulnerable to catch infectious diseases than healthy children? Muller (2005) claimed that Kwashiorkar and Marasmus are two major disorders in children, which are caused by an intake of diet that is poor in proteins and energy giving foods. The symptoms in a Kwashiorkar affected child include swelling of body parts, and it can lead to death if not properly treated; whereas in case of Marasmus, the child can become a victim of paralysis if adequate amounts of proteins and energy are not fed. Ramani and D’Souza (2006) reported that malnutrition makes the child more vulnerable to other deadly diseases, and accounts for 57% of those deaths in undernourished children due to Malaria, 61% of such fatalities resulting from Diarrhea, and 52% of children’s deaths caused by Pneumonia. Intervention Programs to Combat Deadly Malnutrition After going through detailed analyses of the causes and disastrous consequences of the problem of malnutrition and hunger in India, I would strongly propose a health awareness program at the grass root levels. I would propose setting up special health care centers for pregnant mothers and infants, which aim to provide both health education and vital food supplements rich in protein and carbohydrates. Sengupta (2009) had also emphasized the need to care for dietary requirements of pregnant mothers, and their children below two years of age. Since it is not possible to provide a nutritious diet to pregnant mothers and their 230 million malnourished children with a petty sanctioned amount of $ 1. 3 billion, I shall write to World Bank, UNICEF, WHO and other international organizations to contribute to the existing development program for feeding pregnant mothers and their malnourished children. Besides suggesting an intake of protein and energy giving foods for tackling Kwashiorkar and Marasmus, I shall also inform them the need of micronutrients, which are available in green and yellow vegetables. How can a malnourished mother give birth to a healthy child? I shall educate, and request the father of the family to give an equal status to the woman by allowing her to eat together with the rest of the family. According to International Food Policy research Institute, 83% of Indian women suffer from anemia because they eat the residual meals of the family. Conclusion By using a proactive and results-oriented approach, I shall raise funds for educating the individual families to give a nutritious diet to the pregnant mothers and their children. References International Food Policy Research Institute. Despite efforts, why does child malnutrition persist in India? Retrieved from http://www. ifpri. org/media/BeijingPlus10/briefIndia. pdf. Muller, O, & Krawinkel, M. (August 2, 2005). Malnutrition and health in developing countries. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173 (3). Retrieved from http://www. cmaj. ca/cgi/content/full/173/3/279 Ramani, A. V. , & D’Souza, R. (July-September 2006). Misunderstanding malnutrition. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 14(3). Retrieved from http://www. ijme. in/143ed84. html. Sengupta, S. (March 12, 2009). As Indian growth soars, child hunger persists. The New York Times. Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/13/world/asia/13malnutrition. html